school dropout. For mothers with low education we find a 5.2 percentage points decline. The effect is also especially large … for children of mothers who, prior to the reform, would take very low levels of unpaid leave …

introduction of a new, sizeable, unconditional child benefit in Spain in 2007, granted to all mothers giving birth on or after July … expenditure or their consumption of directly child-related goods and services. Instead, eligible mothers stayed out of the labor …

This paper investigates the effects of public childcare availability in Italy on mothers' working status and children … childcare availability has positive and significant effects on both mothers' working status and children's language test scores …. The effects are stronger when the degree of rationing is high and for low educated mothers and children living in lower …

subsidized child care in Spain in the early 1990s, addressing the impact on mothers' short- and long-run employment outcomes (up … worked (9%) of mothers with age-eligible (3-year-old) children, and that these effects persisted over time. Heterogeneity … matters. While persistence is strong among mothers with a high-school degree, the effects of the program on maternal …

domestic work, and bought in child care for married or cohabiting mothers with pre-school age children. The father's behavior …