public elementary education we provide evidence that in 2008 local election, just some months after the publication of the … 2005 to 2007 increased by around 5 percentage points the probability of re-election. This effect is even greater in …

We compare single round vs runoff elections under plurality rule, allowing for partly endogenous party formation. Under … runoff elections, the number of political candidates is larger, but the influence of extremist voters on equilibrium policy … single round elections. The predictions on the number of candidates and on policy volatility are confirmed by evidence from a …

Italian municipal elections held from 1993 to 2011. We firstly estimate a municipal fixed effects model and show that an …

predictions using data on Italian municipal elections over the 2009-2019 period and focusing on the electoral outcomes of the Five …

using staggered timing of state elections. We find that rulers allocate more primary school resources in the years preceding … and following elections, but there is only weak evidence that resources are targeted to marginal constituencies. The … inspections. We also show that around election years, teachers spend more time on "non-teaching" activities. The political cycles …

paper examines the relationship between election fraud and post-election violence in the 2007 Philippine mayoral elections … elections through fraud. In addition, we show that narrow incumbent victories were associated with an increase in post-election …Previous studies have documented a positive association between election fraud and the intensity of civil conflict. It …

education attainment and by the number of votes obtained. Moreover, within three rounds of elections, women fail to reach …

-control, before-and-after discontinuity design to learn about the impact of female politicians in local elections. Our evidence is …