individuals and the prevailing unemployment rate in the country impact perceptions of the effectiveness of democracy. We find that … personal joblessness experience translates into negative opinions about the effectiveness of democracy and it increases the … that democracies are ineffective, regardless of joblessness. People's beliefs about the effectiveness of democracy as …

inter-regional variation in a large number of institutional variables. We find entry rates across industries in Russia are … democracy enhances entry rates for small sized firms but reduces them for medium or large ones …

in Russia 2003. A much larger urban to rural income gap in combination with a much smaller proportion of people living in …-equalising income source in China than in Russia. While Russian public transfers reduce income inequality, Chinese public transfers … residents in China and in urban Russia to be very similar …

flatter in Russia and steeper and lower in Poland than in Britain. The characteristics of workers hired in the state and … new private sector jobs in Russia appear to offer wage premia relative to new state jobs. We argue that these observations …