only reduce their commuting costs by reducing total labour supply. However, a labour supply model which also allows for … optimally chosen daily hours implies that commuting costs increase daily hours, whereas the effect on total labour supply is …

We develop a new methodology to estimate the elasticity of urban costs with respect to city population using French …

The unemployment rate in France is roughly 6 percentage points higher for African immigrants than for natives. In the … rate gap in both France and the US, amounting to 17% to 25% of the relative gap in France and about 10% in the US. Among … these factors, differences in commuting distance plays the most important role. In France, though, longer commuting …

We study the effects of liquidity constraints and start-up costs on the relationship between wealth and the fraction of … function of individual wealth while the introduction of start-up costs tends to flatten this relationship. The theoretical … business start-up costs. We use three highly comparable micro datasets (SHARE, ELSA and HRS) providing harmonized data on …

costs can be used as a Pigouvian tax. Higher costs reduce congestion by discouraging applicants from applying to certain …, we implement variants of the Gale-Shapley Deferred-Acceptance mechanism with different application costs. Our …

city and a restricting-migration policy that imposes some costs on migrants. We show that all these policies can increase … urban employment but the transportation policy has much more drastic effects. This is because a decrease in commuting costs …