Much research shows that breastfeeding provides short- and long-term health benefits for both mothers and their … children. However, few studies have yet investigated the factors which may promote or inhibit breastfeeding practices in Japan … mothers.Compared to mothers who leave their jobs after childbirth, mothers who return to work within a year after childbirth …

This study analyzes the effect of fathers' parental leave-taking on the time fathers spend with their children and on … mothers' and fathers' labor supply. Fathers' leave-taking is highly selective and the identification of causal effects relies … on within-father differences in leave-taking for first and higher order children that were triggered by a policy reform …

low female employment regime. Family size is instrumented using twinning and gender composition of the first two children … to be -7.1 percentage points. However, we find no effect of additional children on female employment among families with … two or more kids. Heterogeneity analysis suggests no causal effects of fertility on female employment among mothers with …

We show that sleep deprivation exerts strong negative effects on mothers' labour market performance. To isolate … flexibility for mothers with sufficient tenure mitigates the negative effects of sleep deprivation …

compare the educational attainment of the children of mothers who were required to leave employment on marriage because of the … Marriage Bar to the educational attainment of the children of mothers who were not required to do so.It is found that the … children of mothers affected by the Marriage Bar were about seven percentage points more likely to complete university …

the motherhood employment gap across 186 European NUTS2 regions (over 29 countries) for the 2002-2016 period. The gender … employment, suggesting that non-traditional gender norms mediate on the employment gender gap mainly via motherhood … grandmothers were 20 years old. We also account for the endogeneity of motherhood with the level of reproductive health …

will better capture the active role of the emerging autonomous child in learning and responding to the actions of parents …

, we investigate the probability of female employment during the lockdown period between March and May 2020. Based on …

This paper evaluates the long-term consequences of parental death on children's cognitive and noncognitive skills, as … conditionally exogenous. We find that the loss of either a father or a mother on boys' earnings is no higher than 6-7 percent and … skills (emotional stability, social skills) shows rather small effects on each type of skill. We find that both mothers and …