corruption, weaker property rights and especially intellectual property rights, and a larger state on entrepreneurs who plan to …

Limited access of entrepreneurs to credit constrains the creation and growth of private firms. In Africa, access to … entrepreneurs with productive technologies, while firm growth depends on acquired capital. The shortage of collateral creates a … productive entrepreneurship and private sector employment in Africa …

conclude that policies to support young entrepreneurs in rural Africa should not only focus on creating conditions that attract …Africa is not only the poorest and most rural continent, it is also the most youthful continent in terms of population … young adults to start enterprises, but to also enable young entrepreneurs to improve productivity in already existing …

We explore the export performance of Africa's underperforming female entrepreneurs, using the Ghanaian ISSER-IGC panel … and security concerns, are more deeply felt by female entrepreneurs. This may hint at the exclusion of Africa's females … of key business constraints, across both male and female entrepreneurs. We find that females are less likely to export …

shaped by industry-specific constraints. The human- and financial-capital endowments of potential entrepreneurs entering … credentials of highly educated potential entrepreneurs, in particular, predict avoidance of small-firm ownership in some …

This essay investigates the determinants of the growth performance of Africa. I start by illustrating a broader … institutional development. After reporting results from standard growth regressions, I analyze the role of Africa's peculiar history … influence, in and out of Africa, of the slave trades. The essay ends with critical conclusions and suggestions for further …