number of managers reporting directly to the CEO doubled, the growth was driven primarily by functional managers rather than … general managers. Using panel data on senior management positions, we explore the relationship between changes in executive … corporate-wide coordination by functional managers in headquarters. We find that the number of functional managers closer to the …

managers, coupled with bonuses based on their leadership rank among all leaders. Our intervention increased worker productivity …

We use data on British football managers and teams over the 1994-2007 period to study substitution and complementarity … equal, managers who themselves played at a higher level raise the productivity of less-skilled teams by more than that of … subordinates the skills needed to succeed, since less skilled players have more to learn. We also find that managers with more …

mitigated by pay-for-performance incentives for managers who decide upon promotion. Second, we analyze matched employer … indeed substantially higher when managers receive performance-related pay or participate in gain sharing plans …