We estimate the "incapacitation effect" on crime using variation in Italian prison population driven by eight … simultaneity of crime and prisoners as in Levitt (1996) and, in addition, use the national character of the pardons to separately … identify incapacitation from changes in deterrence. The elasticity of total crime with respect to incapacitation is between -20 …

multiplier in crime of 2 …

local crime rates. We assess the effects of a recent reform in California that caused a sharp and permanent reduction in the … crime and evidence of modest effects on property crime, auto theft in particular. These effects are considerably smaller … considerably lower. We corroborate theses cross-county results with a synthetic-cohort analysis of state crime rates in California …

crime as well as peer effects that determine youth criminal activities. This paper ex-plores these channels by examining … learning mechanisms. Peer maternal incarceration increases adolescent female criminal activities and reduces male crime and the …

punishment to former inmates recommitting a crime can be considered as good as randomly assigned. Based on a unique data set on … recommit a crime by 1.24 percent: this corroborates the general deterrence hypothesis. However, this effect depends on the time …

's criminal justice system, offering new insights into how incarceration affects subsequent crime and employment. We construct a …. Exploring factors that may explain the preventive effect of incarceration, we find the decline in crime is driven by individuals …

The costs of violent crime victimisation are often left to a judge, tribunal or jury to determine; leading to the … intangible costs. First, individual-area fixed-effects models allowing for adaptation to crime are estimated to assess the … effects of violent crime victimisation on diverse measures of wellbeing.These results are then subsequently used to calculate …