Roughly a quarter of physicians in the United States are either international medical graduates (IMGs) or foreign …-born physicians (FBPs). We propose a theoretical model where patient preferences that disfavor IMGs and FBPs may result in those … physicians offering better access to their services compared with non-IMGs/FBPs in equilibrium. We use data from two field …

physicians in Ontario, Canada. Using a panel of administrative data that covers one year before and two years after the FHO model … was introduced in 2007, we find that physicians in the FHO model provide about 6 percent fewer services and visits per day … immunizations, pap smears, and mammograms compared to physicians in the FHG model. These results are largely consistent with the …

provides an estimate of how bargaining power is distributed between patients and physicians …

In this paper, I assess the extent to which the gender gap in physician earnings may be driven by physicians … receive referrals. I show that biased referrals are predominantly driven by physicians' decisions rather than by endogenous … sorting of physicians or patients or by gender differences in the labor supply. As 75% of doctors are men, estimates suggest …