and two-thirds of the additional hiring occurs within two months. The response of hiring from employment is twice as large … as the response of hiring from non-employment. Firms that are smaller, low-wage and fast-growing are associated with … employment, consistent with replacement hiring and the presence of vacancy chains. Growth in revenue and value added strongly …

.S. employers to estimate the effects of financial access on employment growth. Our methods combine regressions with matching on … firm age, size, industry, year, and employment history, and with instrumental variables capturing ease of access to SBA … constraints impede small business growth prior to loan receipt. We also investigate the variation in estimated employment effects …

and employment in real-time. Yet questions remain about the representativeness of these datasets and how to distinguish … real-time estimates of small business dynamics and employment during the pandemic are remarkably representative and closely … and openings from sample churn is critical for these results. We also find that while employment by small businesses …