hinges on the dominance of its ideologically closer party and, in general, the coalition/opposition blocks of parties under … un-enforced party or coalition/opposition discipline. Such dominance is defined in terms of ideological inclination … weighted by power. Our second result clarifies how the success of an interest group hinges on the dominance of its ideology in …

expose different areas of the polity to controlled informational treatments about the valence and ideology of the incumbent … elicited beliefs, we are able to structurally assess the relative weights voters place upon a candidate's valence and ideology … only campaigning on valence brings more votes to the incumbent. With respect to ideology, cross-learning occurs, as voters …

model. We define survival of a crisis as being successful in a critical vote in the parliament. We develop a general … probabilistic model of political crises and test it empirically. We find that during crises, parties in the parliament are likely to …

We test the relationship between historical immigration to the United States and political ideology today. We …-lasting effect on the political ideology of US born individuals. Our analysis proceeds in three steps. First, we document that the … historical presence of European immigrants is associated with a more liberal political ideology and with stronger preferences for …

Prior to July 2009, salaries of the members of the European Parliament were paid by their home country and there were … each member of the Parliament is pegged to 38.5% of a European Court judge's salary, paid by the EU. This created an … are independent of attendance to the Parliament. Using detailed information on each parliamentarian of the European …

system. We apply the method to the Finnish proportional open list system. Being elected to parliament increases annual …

may generate an ideological backlash that puts a higher premium on traditional values. We apply the theory to numerous …