Cooperation among people who are not related to each other is sustained by the availability of punishment devices which … help enforce social norms (Fehr and Gächter, 2002). However, the rationale for costly punishment remains unclear. This … of punishment. We compare two treatments of a public good game, one in which costly punishment reduces the immediate …

in biology and the social sciences. Recent experimental evidence suggests that altruistic punishment is an important … mechanism to maintain cooperation among humans. In this paper we explore the boundary conditions for altruistic punishment to … maintain cooperation by systematically varying the cost and impact of punishment, using a subject pool which extends beyond the …

as an intra-group identity threat) increases the use of costly punishment within the in-group …

punishment, so that they increase overall welfare? We report an experiment in which players can issue non-binding threats to … their actual punishment level. We find that threats increase the level of contributions significantly. Efficiency is … punishment leads to lower threats, cooperation and welfare, restoring them to levels equal to or below the levels attained in the …

1986 and 1998, we find strong evidence that gang crime rates in the neighbourhood at assignment increase the probability of … boys to commit crimes before the age of 19, and that gang crime (but not other crime) increases the likelihood of teenage … motherhood for girls. Higher levels of gang crime also have detrimental and long-lasting effects, with men experiencing …

prisoner health care by installing effective anti-drug programmes would be one of the most effective measures against crime …

explores the impact of state E-Verify laws on crime. Using agency-by-month data from the 2004 to 2015 National Incident Based …-skilled natives of Hispanic descent, and outmigration of younger Hispanics are important channels. We find no evidence that crime was … displaced to nearby U.S. jurisdictions without E-Verify or that violent crime was impacted by E-Verify mandates. Moreover …