This paper highlights the employment patterns of China's over-45 population and, for perspective, places them in the … developing countries, China can be characterized as having two retirement systems: a formal system, under which urban employees … of exit from work are shown to be much greater in urban China than in rural areas, and also greater than observed in …

China, Japan, and South Korea, and estimate the economic burden of chronic conditions in five domains (cardiovascular … non-communicable diseases over the period 2010-2030 are $16 trillion for China (measured in real USD with the base year …-effectiveness analysis by identifying some intervention strategies to reduce disease prevalence in China that are cost beneficial and …

vividly illustrated. This paper investigates how changes in trade linkages between China, Latin America, and the rest of the … world shows that the long-term impact of a China GDP shock on the typical Latin American economy has increased by three … to Latin America and the rest of emerging Asia (excluding China and India) GDP has not undergone any significant change …

We analyze the effects of the unprecedented rise in trade between Germany and "the East" – China and Eastern Europe …

structure and evolution of gender differentials in China by simultaneously estimating demand-side wage and productivity outcomes …

economy. We test this theory by exploring within-country variation in exposure to competition from China in 13 European … exposure from China experienced a marked fall in employment, while countries with wage-coordination experienced no such …

to the divisive 2016 U.S. presidential election. Exploiting the exogenous component of rising import competition by China …

global middle class in China and 33 other countries and analyze China's expanding middle class in international perspective …. China's global middle class has grown rapidly and has been catching up with that in developed countries. By 2018 China …'s global middle class constituted 25 percent of China's population; in absolute size it was nearly double the size of the …

system: China-to-South Korea ethnic labour migration. Over the past decade, South Korea has experienced an unprecedented … increase in the arrival of foreign labour. The majority of workers come from the People's Republic of China. Based on a … source of migrant labour in South Korea demonstrate that the China-to-South Korea ethnic population movement is an important …