Prior to July 2009, salaries of the members of the European Parliament were paid by their home country and there were … each member of the Parliament is pegged to 38.5% of a European Court judge's salary, paid by the EU. This created an … are independent of attendance to the Parliament. Using detailed information on each parliamentarian of the European …

system. We apply the method to the Finnish proportional open list system. Being elected to parliament increases annual …

model. We define survival of a crisis as being successful in a critical vote in the parliament. We develop a general … probabilistic model of political crises and test it empirically. We find that during crises, parties in the parliament are likely to …