A large school consolidation reform in the Netherlands changed minimum school size rules underlying public funding. The … of schools implies, for a given number of pupils, an increase in average school size. We present evidence that in our …

to higher school productivity. We discuss the evidence in this area, concluding that the impact of competition has proven … broadly consistent with the evidence, and suggests that there is no a priori reason to believe that school choice will …

This paper evaluates average educational performance effects of an expanding independent-school sector at the … increase in the share of independent-school students between Swedish municipalities. We find that an increase in the share of … independent-school students improves average performance at the end of compulsory school as well as long-run educational outcomes …

We quantify the effect of school voucher spending on initial earnings. We use administrative data on the monetary …

social environment affects women's STEM choices as early as high school. Using administrative data from China, we find that … school, while more high-performing males decrease this likelihood. We also find that peer quality has persistent effects on …

, even after conditioning on prior measures of school performance. We then provide causal evidence that a low …