strongly linked in Africa. Unilateral causality is found from energy consumption to life expectancy and child under-5 mortality …We examine causal links between energy consumption and health indicators (Mortality rate under-5, life expectancy … for Senegal, Morocco, Benin, DRC, Algeria, Egypt, and South Africa. At the same time, we found a bilateral causality …

mortality. The authors test the hypothesis that selection during famine changes the frailty distributions of cohorts and may … hide negative long-term effects. They use death counts from age 60+ from the Human Mortality Data Base for the birth …. Statistically, long-term effects of famine on mortality become only visible when changes in the frailty distribution of cohorts are …

Since World War II, mortality has declined in the developing world. This paper examines the effects of this mortality … utility through its status. The decline in mortality stimulates investment and generates an income stream which promotes …-seeking is strong, then the decline of mortality decreases population growth below its original level …

We estimate the causal effect of early retirement on mortality for blue-collar workers. To overcome the problem of … find any adverse effect of early retirement on mortality for females. Death causes indicate a significantly higher … increased mortality among male early retirees …

on morbidity and mortality. We show that health based selection into smoking has increased over the last fifty years with … knowledge of its health effects. We show that the effect of smoking on mortality is higher for high educated individuals and for …

aggregate fluctuations on maternal and infant mortality and low birth weight, with countercyclical though not significant …

our finding that African Americans experienced larger absolute reductions in pneumonia mortality after the arrival of …