the complexity of pensions systems and degrees of myopia. In this paper, we assess levels of knowledge of pensions using a …

early childhood intervention program that measures knowledge of narrowly defined skills on essentially equivalent subsets of … detailed knowledge measures. We reject the hypothesis of aggregate scale invariance and call into question the uncritical use …

literacy, defined as knowledge of fundamental financial concepts and the ability to do simple financial calculations, is a key …

knowledge of students in treatment and control schools. In another specification, we use school fixed-effect estimates of the … effect of the course on change in the score in tests of financial knowledge. The program increased treated students …' financial knowledge by between one fourth and one third of a standard deviation. We uncover heterogeneous effects, as students …