major immigration reforms in Germany, a country with a relatively weak record of immigrant assimilation. For identification … after eight years of residency in Germany, while adults faced a 15-year residency requirement. Since 2000, all immigrants …

reduce inequality. We study the local and aggregate effects of collective bargaining in Italy and Germany. The two countries … West more productive than the East in Germany – but have adopted different models of wage bargaining. Italy sets wages … based on nationwide contracts that allow for limited local wage adjustments, while Germany has moved toward a more flexible …

Industrial relations are in flux in many nations, perhaps most notably in Germany and the Britain. That said … representation in Germany and still less in both countries about firm transitions between these institutions over time. The present … and the erosion of sectoral bargaining in Germany, and identify the respective roles of behavioral and compositional …

-scale linked employer-employee data set for western Germany, this paper provides a first test of the relevance of different …

and households and the aggregate economy of Germany. We adopt alternative micro-foundations for agglomeration economies … Germany's labor markets, housing rents, and household travel-to-work data, to estimate the population elasticities of urban … benefits and costs. We are the first to establish elasticities for urban costs for Germany, an estimated elasticity of …

In this paper, we use a novel firm level dataset for Germany to investigate the effect of sanctions on export behaviour …