before and after the reform within firms, we find that quotas are associated with a higher share of female board directors …, higher levels of education of board members, and a lower share of older members. We then use the reform period as an … emerges at the date of the board's election. Our results are consistent with gender quotas giving rise to a beneficial …

across 41 advanced and emerging European economies. We demonstrate that gender board diversity has generally increased, yet … management boards among both private and public firms: the same factor may exhibit a positive correlation to a management board …, and a negative correlation to a supervisory board, or vice versa. We interpret these findings as evidence that country …

foreign and female directors. It also shows that board characteristics are linked to company performance (the market … Russia. Testing for structural breaks in the relationship between board composition and firm performance provides some …

empirical strategy is that ballot order effects generate quasi-random variation in the elected school board's composition. This … independence of educators may be distorted by interest groups. The key empirical challenge is that school board composition is … approach is made possible by a unique dataset that combines election information about California school board candidates with …

2007 and has only slowly increased during the period 1997-2007. We test three hypotheses on female board representation … effects estimation we find that the female-led hypothesis cannot be supported. Firms with a female chairman of the board of … directors tend to have significantly fewer other non-staff board members. We find clear evidence of a tokenism behavior in …

on gender diversity on boards. We exploit rich, newly assembled board director matched panel data for Norway and Germany …, when a Norwegian board gender quota came into effect. We present two novel results that challenge previous thinking about … the effects of board gender quotas on women directors. First, we find a positive impact of employee representation before …

for corporate board membership. The main aim of these laws is breaking the "glass ceiling" which prevents women from … in gender quota that remain effective for three consecutive board renewals of listed limited liability firms. We link … firm-level information on board membership and board election dates with detailed employment and earnings records from the …

higher share of female board directors, higher levels of education of board members, and a lower share of older members … effect of the quota law on stock market returns emerges at the date of the board's election. Our results are consistent with … gender quotas giving rise to a beneficial restructuring of the board, which is positively received by the market …