In the early 2000s, Poland's unemployment rate reached 20%. That is now a distant memory, as employment has increased … noticeably and the unemployment rate had dropped to 3.4% in 2021. The labor force participation of older workers increased … underemployed. During the Covid-19 pandemic the slowdown in economic growth and increase in unemployment were small. …

In the early 2000s, Poland’s unemployment rate reached 20%. That is now a distant memory, as employment has increased … noticeably and the unemployment rate has dropped to 5%. However, most of the net job creation has consisted of temporary jobs …

introduce a new adjustment channel related to employment changes, which is qualitatively different from price and behavioural …

and prime-aged women in employment and the wage bills of particular sectors, but reduced the shares of older women and …