energy R&D expenditures. Technological innovation is measured using patent counts for specific technologies related to energy …. -- Innovation ; Technological Change ; Patents ; Energy-Efficiency ; Buildings ; Environmental Policy …

firms that innovate in both technologies. We find that for specialized firms the main drivers of innovation are fossil … innovation. By contrast, we find that innovation by mixed firms is mainly driven by strong path-dependencies since for these … firms past knowledge stock is the major driver of the direction of innovation. These results imply that generic …