This paper analyses (age-adjusted) employment rates by gender and education. We find that malefemale gender gaps and … high-low education gaps in employment vary markedly across European Union (EU) countries and regions, with larger gaps … education gaps in employment between high and lower education levels would raise the employment rate in the EU for the year 2022 …

-humanitarian migrants, European third country immigrants and natives. We draw on a register based panel dataset covering the complete labour … refugee employment gaps are large in the first years when labour market access is difficult. After a period of seven years the … unconditional gap between refugees and natives declines to 30 percentage points, similar to the one of non-humanitarian migrants …

This paper investigates how the job search outcomes of displaced migrants are affected by the labor market outcomes of … employment rate raises the re-employment probability within 36 months after job loss by 5.7 percentage points. The paper also …

generates a negative effect on wages and an increase in the unemployment rate--and skilled workers, who benefit from higher … wages and lower unemployment. These changes in the labor market affect the government's revenue, resulting, in the long term … short term, which is offset by higher output, consumption, and employment level, increasing the government's revenues mainly …