This paper analyzes the effects of language practice on earnings among adult male immigrants in Canada using the 1991 … Census. Earnings are shown to increase with schooling, pre-immigration experience and duration in Canada, as well as with … languages enhances the effects on earnings of schooling and pre-immigration labor market experience. Language proficiency and …

considerable growth in earnings; others can hardly maintain their entry salaries. This article sheds light on the mechanisms … generating the observed heterogeneity in earnings progression by investigating the effects of on-the-job human capital … acquisition, explicit short-run incentives and career concern incentives on earnings progression. The model leads to predictions …

sector wage setting and trade unions, in determining earnings differences across different types of employment. To do this we … use the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study data from South Africa, which show extremely large average earnings … the earnings differentials within the private sector, including the union premium, but cannot explain the large premiums …

Many contributions suggest that earnings instability has increased during the 1980s and 1990s. This paper develops and … explaining earnings instability. To study the evolution over time of these different components we extract two estimation samples … contribute to the increase in earnings instability even if it is only their joint effect that generates what we observe in the …