In this paper we study the causal impact of police on crime by looking at what happened to crime before and after the … percent in the six weeks following the July 7 bombings. During this time crime fell significantly in central relative to outer … London. Study of the timing of the crime reductions and their magnitude, the types of crime which were more likely to be …

simultaneity between police and crime. In Italy police officers can only be hired through lengthy national public contests which …