performance of Latin America. Given the limitations of worldwide tests in discriminating performance at low levels, we also … introduce measures from two regional tests designed to measure performance for all Latin American countries with internationally …

market. Our difference-in-difference model estimates whether the earnings difference between individuals with high and low … grades differs between central and local exams. We find that the earnings premium for a one standard-deviation increase in …

different economies. International comparisons of earnings analyses rely almost exclusively on school attainment measures of … the focus on early-career earnings leads to underestimating the lifetime returns to skills by about one quarter. On … States. Estimates are remarkably robust to different earnings and skill measures, additional controls, and various subgroups …

subsequent earnings. We suggest that labor-market effects may be more imminent for students leaving school directly for the labor … that central exams are indeed associated with higher earnings for students from school types directly bound for the labor …

subsequent earnings. We suggest that labor-market effects may be more imminent for students leaving school directly for the labor … that central exams are indeed associated with higher earnings for students from school types directly bound for the labor …

different economies. International comparisons of earnings analyses rely almost exclusively on school attainment measures of … the focus on early-career earnings leads to underestimating the lifetime returns to skills by about one quarter. On … States. Estimates are remarkably robust to different earnings and skill measures, additional controls, and various subgroups …