-enforcing family constitutions. We identify a circumstance in which an agent will behave differently if she is optimizing subject to a … family constitution, than if she is moved by either altruistic or exchange motivations. The circumstance is the presence of a … family constitution exists, but will have the opposite effect if the transfer is either a gift, or payments for services …

children under 18 have been left behind, with an average parental absence of 9.5 months. Using detailed information on family …This article investigates the long-term effects of parental migration abroad on the schooling of children left behind … in Albania. Although parents' migration usually benefits children economically, the lack of parental care may cause …

children under 18 have been left behind, with an average parental absence of 9.5 months. Using detailed information on family …This article investigates the long-term effects of parental migration abroad on the schooling of children left behind … in Albania. Although parents' migration usually benefits children economically, the lack of parental care may cause …

This paper aims to verify results of the innovative study on gender identity for the USA by Bertrand et al. (2015) for … violate traditional gender identity norms. Using data from the German Socio-economic Panel Study we also find that the … exceeds the husband's income. The results of the fixed effects regression confirm that gender identity has an impact on the …

different gender identity prescriptions of family breadwinning. We use data for three periods between 1984 and 2016 from the … formerly socialist (rather gender-equal) East Germany and the capitalist (rather gender-traditional) West Germany shaped … since reunification, converging to the more gender-egalitarian East Germany. Our work emphasizes the view that political and …

Researchers claim that children growing up away from their biological parents may be at a disadvantage and have lower … interviewing the sending and receiving household participating in each fostering exchange, allowing a comparison of foster children … with their non-fostered biological siblings. Foster children are equally likely as their host siblings to be enrolled after …

their biological children to live with another family, is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and provides evidence against … composition through fostering. A household fosters children as a risk-coping mechanism in response to exogenous income shocks, if …

Researchers claim that children growing up away from their biological parents may be at a disadvantage and have lower … interviewing the sending and receiving household participating in each fostering exchange, allowing a comparison of foster children … with their non-fostered biological siblings. Foster children are equally likely as their host siblings to be enrolled after …

their biological children to live with another family, is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and provides evidence against … composition through fostering. A household fosters children as a risk-coping mechanism in response to exogenous income shocks, if …