share of females reducing the wage level. These results are compatible with a theory where job promotion is an important … factor of wage increases: if more females are to be mentored, less promotion slots are available for males, but also the …

Since the early seventies, hundreds of authors have calculated gender wage differentials between women and men of equal … productivity. Consequently, estimates for the gender wage gap have been published for the most diverse countries at different … points in time. This metastudy provides a quantitative review of this vast amount of empirical literature on gender wage …

endogeneity concerns arising in this context, we estimate time-invariant firm-specific wage components and use them as instruments …

expensive older workers into retirement. Based on the seniority wage model developed by Lazear (1979), we discuss steep … seniority wage profiles as incentives for firms to dismiss older workers before retirement. Conditional on individual retirement … incentives, e.g., social security wealth or health status, the steepness of the wage profile will have different incentives for …

This paper evaluates the impact of economic and legal variables on wage differentials between men and women. Since … international data set on the gender wage gap, which is constructed via a metaanalysis of existing studies. The findings show that … both increased competition and the enactment of equal treatment laws reduce the gender wage gap. …