While the literature has established that there is substantial and highly selective return migration, the growing … importance of repeat migration has been largely ignored. Using Markov chain analysis, this paper provides a modeling framework …. The out-migration per year is low, about 10%. Migrants are more likely to leave again early after their arrival in Germany …

The economic literature has largely overlooked the importance of repeat migration. This paper studies repeat or … circular migration as it is manifested by the frequency of exits of migrants living in Germany, and by the number of years … the middle ages), and the newcomers and the more seasoned are significantly more likely to engage in circular migration …

. Integrated labour and migration policies are needed. The employment chances of the low-skilled are limited. Whereas Europe could …

research findings from the existing academic literature on the economics of French migration. The research questions are: how … internal migration flows of natives; and what is the role of the business cycle and natives’ sentiments on the immigrant flows … crucial in natives’ sentiments. Moreover, business cycles and labour market conditions play a significant role on migration …

The economic literature has largely overlooked the importance of repeat and circular migration. The paper studies this … middle ages), are significantly more likely to engage in repeat migration and to stay out for longer. Males and those …

for males and females separately, and controlling for pre- and post-migration characteristics. We find strong gender … differences and the unimportance of a wide range of pre-migration characteristics like religion and education at home. …