during China?s between 1988 and 2002. We pay special attention to the changing role of sorting by ability versus budget …-constraint effects as China?s education policy has changed from one in which the bulk of direct costs are paid by government for students …

a number of Central and Eastern European countries, Russia, and China. We use metadata from 33 studies of 10 transition …

returns to schooling for college graduates during China's reform between 1988 and 2002. We find that there were substantial …

While some workers in China attain senior professional level and senior cadre level status (Chuzhang and above), others … and western China for 1995 and 2002. For 2002, persons of high rank make up 3 percent and persons of middle rank make up …

the 80s and the beginning of the 90s on its effect on earnings. We separate the analysis between Swedish-born and foreign …