-enforcing family constitutions. We identify a circumstance in which an agent will behave differently if she is optimizing subject to a … family constitution, than if she is moved by either altruistic or exchange motivations. The circumstance is the presence of a … family constitution exists, but will have the opposite effect if the transfer is either a gift, or payments for services …

children under 18 have been left behind, with an average parental absence of 9.5 months. Using detailed information on family …This article investigates the long-term effects of parental migration abroad on the schooling of children left behind … in Albania. Although parents' migration usually benefits children economically, the lack of parental care may cause …

This paper aims to verify results of the innovative study on gender identity for the USA by Bertrand et al. (2015) for … violate traditional gender identity norms. Using data from the German Socio-economic Panel Study we also find that the … exceeds the husband's income. The results of the fixed effects regression confirm that gender identity has an impact on the …

different gender identity prescriptions of family breadwinning. We use data for three periods between 1984 and 2016 from the … formerly socialist (rather gender-equal) East Germany and the capitalist (rather gender-traditional) West Germany shaped … since reunification, converging to the more gender-egalitarian East Germany. Our work emphasizes the view that political and …

In this paper, we focus on network- and gender-specific determinants of remittances, which are often explained … theoretically by way of intra-family contracts. We develop a basic formal concept that includes aspects of the transnational network … immigrants have at least partly different determinants. Acquiring German citizenship increases the probability of family …

welfare. To this end, we analyse whether alcohol consumption decreases time spent by parents looking after their children and … working. Using the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, the study focuses on mono-nuclear families with children under …

, have a positive impact on children's math scores. This result is robust to the reverse causality issue that characterizes … the relationship between parental attitude and children's performance. We adopt an identification strategy that relies on … children's performance only through parents. We find that one additional score point in the origin country performance in math …

avoid vulnerability. Using the panel data survey for the Kagera region of Tanzania, we select children who were 7 to 15 … vulnerable employment in adulthood. Negative adult employment effects arise when children who are younger than 11-12 work more …

motivation, which assess beliefs about math importance for the job market, and student math anxiety. The presence of one family …