regardless of the exact location of the poverty line. Income inequality rose from 1988 to 1995 but has been fairly constant …This paper estimates trends in absolute poverty in urban China from 1988 to 2002 using the Chinese Household Income … Project (CHIP) surveys. Poverty incidence curves are plotted, showing that poverty has fallen markedly during the period …

Until now there have been no national estimates of the extent of poverty in Britain at the turn of the 20th century … deficiencies. We use these data to estimate urban poverty in the British Isles in 1904. Applying Bowley's poverty line we find that … close to Rowntree's estimate of primary poverty for York 1899 and in the range that Bowley found in Northern towns in 1912 …

The paper analyzes the incidence, the severity and the determinants of household poverty in Ukraine during transition … using two comparable surveys from 1996 and 2004. We measure poverty using income and consumption and contrast the effects of … various poverty lines. Poverty in both periods follows some of the determinants commonly identified in the literature …

Despite increasing average real family incomes in Costa Rica in the late 1990s and early 2000s, poverty rates did not … fall. In this paper, we argue that during this period economic growth in Costa Rica did not translate into reduced poverty …-employed workers. These labor market phenomena, in turn, contributed to low incomes for households vulnerable to poverty, especially …

differences when measuring poverty, there is little reliable evidence on how these factors actually affect poverty estimates … account by using municipal housing price indices or by replacing the country-specific poverty line with municipal …-specific poverty lines. Applying Norwegian register data for the period 1993-2001, we find that disregarding the value of local public …

that absolute poverty declined dramatically in York between 1899 and 1936. We use poverty lines devised by contemporary … poverty among working households for the whole of the Britain between 1904 and 1937. We offer a number of pieces of … corroborative evidence that give support to our findings. We decompose the poverty reduction into the effects of two proximate …

This paper investigates the development of poverty in Sweden using micro data derived from tax files for the city of … Göteborg for the years 1925, 1936, 1947, 1958 as well as more recent (1983, 1994 and 2003) information. We define poverty as … living in a household with a disposable income lower than a poverty line that represents a constant purchasing power all …