quality (in the form of health outcomes) and the number of children in the family at a time when genuine poverty still existed …

poverty among the elderly. The model focuses on individual preferences, a consumption technology that captures the economies … scale and a wife's share that is increasing in total expenditures. We further calculated poverty rates by means of the … collective consumption model. Collective poverty rates of widows and widowers turn out to be slightly lower than traditional ones …

poverty, covering 21 European countries with a national minimum wage and three US States (New Jersey, Nebraska and Texas). It … or exceed the EU's at-risk-of poverty threshold, set at 60 per cent of median equivalent household income in each country … what minimum wage policies alone can achieve in the fight against in-work poverty. The route of raising minimum wages to …

Until now there have been no national estimates of the extent of poverty in Britain at the turn of the 20th century … deficiencies. We use these data to estimate urban poverty in the British Isles in 1904. Applying Bowley's poverty line we find that … close to Rowntree's estimate of primary poverty for York 1899 and in the range that Bowley found in Northern towns in 1912 …

that absolute poverty declined dramatically in York between 1899 and 1936. We use poverty lines devised by contemporary … poverty among working households for the whole of the Britain between 1904 and 1937. We offer a number of pieces of … corroborative evidence that give support to our findings. We decompose the poverty reduction into the effects of two proximate …

Using counterfactual microsimulations, Shapley decompositions of time change in inequality and poverty indices make it … depth of poverty would have increased under the first New Labour government, had important reforms like the extensions of … income support and tax credits not been implemented. These reforms have also contributed to substantially reduce poverty …