Although the theoretical literature often uses lobbying and corruption synonymously, the empirical literature … associates lobbying with the preferred mean for exerting influence in developed countries and corruption with the preferred one … between bribing and lobbying. We test our predictions using survey data for about 6000 firms in 26 countries. Our results …

the total number of immigrants and H1B visas with data on lobbying expenditures associated with immigration. We find … larger lobbying expenditures and higher in sectors where labor unions are more important. …

outcomes and in politics through lobbying, campaign contributions, and voter mobilization, this work adds a new perspective on …