determined by the initial gap. We obtain these results with 2SLS estimates where slavery is used as an instrument for the initial … gap. The excludability of slavery is preliminarily established by instrumenting it with the share of disembarked slaves … initial racial gap in education and that slavery affects growth indirectly through this channel. …

This paper examines an accumulating modern literature on the health benefits of relationships like marriage. Although … and disciplines, that there is persuasive longitudinal evidence for such effects. The size of the health gain from …

We investigate the impact of exogenous income fluctuations on health using twenty years of data from the Panel Study of … previous literature on health and socio-economic status, we find that, on average, adverse income shocks lead to a … deterioration of health. These effects are most pronounced for working-aged men and are dominated by transitions into the very …

Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we investigate the impact of health on domestic migration within … the United States. We find that, for men below 60 years of age, a move from the middle to the bottom of the health … find evidence that, among older men, there is higher mobility at the top and bottom of the health distribution than there …

We investigate the evolution of health over the life-cycle. We allow for two sources of persistence: unobserved … individual characteristics that trace back to early adulthood and before can have far reaching effects on health. …

While it is well known that education strongly predicts health, less is known as to why. One reason might be that … education improves health-care decision making. In this paper we attempt to disentangle improved decision making from other … effects of education, and to quantify how large an impact it has on both a patient´s demand for health services, and that …

The magnitude of the effect that health has on the retirement decision has long been studied. We examine the reverse … relationship, whether or not retirement has a direct impact on later-life health. In order to identify the causal relationship, we … unrelated to the baseline health of the individual, and are significant predictors of retirement. We find that there is no …

This study estimates the effect of job loss on health for near elderly employees based on longitudinal data from the … Health and Retirement Study. Previous studies find a strong negative correlation between unemployment and health. To control … their previous employers' business. I find that the unemployed are in worse health than employees, and that health reasons …

We investigate the evolution of health inequality over the life-course. Health is modeled as a latent variable that is … variation in health for the college educated, but between 35% and 70% of total health variability for people without college … degrees. Consistent with this, we find that health inequality moves substantially more slowly over the life-course for the …