In an open-shop model of trade union membership with heterogeneity in risk attitudes, a worker's relative risk aversion … significantly positive relationship between risk aversion and the likelihood of union membership. Additionally, we observe a …

In the absence of closed-shops and discriminatory wage policies, union membership can be explained by the existence of … for social custom effects in the determination of union membership. Using panel data for Germany, we find evidence for …, observed reductions in the demand for union membership can weaken the impact of a norm and accentuate the free-rider problem. …

for each country, we find that individuals? probability of union membership is significantly affected by their personal …

provides the first empirical analysis of trade union never-membership in Germany. We show that between 54 and 59 percent of all … employees in Germany have never been members of a trade union. Individuals' probability of never-membership is significantly …

women and for different groups of the workforce. Regression estimates indicate that the probability of union membership is …

This paper estimates the returns to membership of the Chinese Communist Party using unique twins data we collected from … interpretation that Party membership not only has its own effect but also has an external effect on the sibling. …

employees. If works councils represent the face of unions, union membership of employees should be related positively to the … establishment has no impact on union membership and (c) a 10 % decrease in the average share of unionised works councillors …

economy, its membership has risen markedly along with the economic benefits of joining? We use three national household … individual demand for Party membership as an investment in political capital that brings monetary rewards in terms of higher … membership. We develop an explanation in terms of a rationing of places and a scarcity value for members with those …