determinants of access to mortgage finance. It also examines whether mortgage holders were more likely to suffer financial distress … compared with non-mortgage holders in the period before the global financial crisis. The analysis does not find any systematic … evidence that mortgage holders are financially more vulnerable than renters or outright owners; in fact, the incidence of …

Using comparable survey data from twelve European countries we investigate households' attitudes towards mortgage … households have a mortgage outstanding relative to countries where a sizeable part of the population uses mortgage debt, like the … reference households, and crucially so in countries with less expanded mortgage markets. Thus it appears that households …

-inequality regions than high-inequality regions. We confirm the predictions of the model using data on individual mortgage applications …