, or as a trap, has tended to focus on transitions rather than longer-run pathways. This approach cannot accurately … identify indirect pathways from contingent to permanent employment, and nor can it identify 'trap' pathways involving short … Australian, evidence for the co-existence of pathways that correspond to 'bridge' and 'trap' characterisations of contingent …

In this paper we estimate the impacts of the "pathways" chosen by community college students - in terms of desired …-informed choices, and the impacts of choices on outcomes. We find that several characteristics of chosen pathways, such as field of … study and desired credential as well as early "momentum," affect outcomes. Student choices of pathways are not always driven …

This paper describes and analyses the pathways to early retirement in Denmark. The analyses are based on a 10 per cent … transition from work to retirement is complex and far from the conventional idea of exit typically occurring from a job at the … official pension age. Eight pathways from work to an early retirement program are identified. One group of pathways is …

Empirical analyses of twin mortality often use models with dependent unobserved frailty terms capturing genetic and … higher age. Estimates of correlations between the frailty terms by zygosity and the ensuing implications for the relative …

In survival analysis a large literature using frailty models, or models with unobserved heterogeneity, exist. In the … proportional hazard structure. First, the aspects of frailty modeling in univariate (proportional hazard, Cox) duration models are …

factors with frailty among older adults using a large, nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling Chinese sample … the association between risk factors and frailty and further calculated the absolute risk difference for the statistically … status as measured by educational attainment and neighborhood quality may increase the risk of late-life frailty among …

In survival analysis a large literature using frailty models, or models with unobserved heterogeneity, exist. In the … proportional hazard structure. First, the aspects of frailty modeling in univariate (proportional hazard, Cox) duration models are …

flows in the period of massive and rapid labor reallocation, i.e. the economic transition from a centrally planned to a …