lead to a negative relationship between performance and overestimation, even if skill and overconfidence are unrelated. To … clarify the role of measurement error, we restate the Dunning Kruger effect in terms of skill and overconfidence. We show that …

information leads people to choose tasks that raise expected output, however extreme overconfidence leads people to undertake … tasks that are excessively challenging. Consistent with our results, psychologists have found that moderate overconfidence …

relatively. We test three different theories about observed relative overconfidence. The first theory notes that simple … asymmetry produces overconfidence (Kőszegi, 2006; Weinberg, 2006). We test an important specific prediction of these models … might make this belief worse. Our data also reject this prediction. The third theory is that overconfidence is induced by …

underrepresentation of women, namely, gender differences in overconfidence concerning past performance, in the willingness to exaggerate … past performance to the group, and in the reaction to monetary incentives. We find that men's overconfidence is the driving …

the implications of overconfidence for worker welfare and firm profits, we estimate a structural learning model with … biased beliefs that ac-counts for many key features of the data. While worker overconfidence moderately decreases worker …