It is widely accepted that the costs of under-pricing energy are large, whether in advanced or developing countries …. This paper explores how large these costs can be by focussing on the size of the external effects that energy subsidies in … (agriculture). Our focus is mainly on the costs associated with congestion and pollution as well the impact of under-priced energy …

investment in information and communication technology (ICT) and energy use, influence productivity levels. A dynamic factor … output from current production. In particular, we investigate how the ICT–energy relationship affects total factor … investment are substitutes for labor and energy use. We also find a high output growth rate in the sampled sectors, and …

exceeds the benchmark of what the UN considers as modern energy. We find significant effects on households' budget …

Our research investigates the magnitude of the effect of residential energy efficiency audit programs on later … household electricity consumption. These programs are designed to increase awareness of household energy consumption with …

mortality peaks in winter, and a higher heating price increases exposure to cold by reducing heating use. It also raises energy … variation in the energy source used for home heating and temporal variation in the national prices of natural gas versus …