Industrialization is vital for inclusive and sustainable global development. The two engines of industrialization â …€“ innovation and trade – are in danger of being compromised by the COVID-19 pandemic, under conditions increasingly reminiscent … concentration and dominance, and the multilateral trade system had been buckling under pressure from a return to mercantilist ideas …

subsidy spurs global demand for food and confers a terms-of-trade benefit to the food-exporting nation. This might encourage … subsidization. Terms-of-trade effects wash out between trading nations; hence, any policy intervention by the two trading nations …

countries. These costs are heavily influenced by economic policy. What is not well understood is how international trade affects … shows that entry subsidies in the Nash-equilibrium are first increasing, then decreasing in the level of trade openness … with international trade openness indices we empirically confirm this theoretical prediction. …

At least since 1750 when Baron de Montesquieu declared peace is the natural effect of trade, a number of economists and … political scientists espoused the notion that trade among nations leads to peace. Employing resources wisely to produce one …. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then …

At least since 1750 when Baron de Montesquieu declared "peace is the natural effect of trade," a number of economists … and political scientists espoused the notion that trade among nations leads to peace. Employing resources wisely to …. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then …

consumers has inspired the development of a new brand of trade theory, the theory of heterogeneous firms and trade. The … framework to bring out key lessons of this recent research. We address the gains from trade, country asymmetries involving … technology potentials, market sizes, trade openness and various business conditions as well as the international repercussions …

that periods of high unemployment and joblessness could hinder the development of democracy or threaten its existence. …

reliable than those at the individual level. Second, development is a qualitative process involving take-off points and … stages and dimensions of the development process. …