In May 2001, Germany adopted a fundamental pension reform cutting back public pensions and introducing personal pension … accounts. The paper critically reviews the reform decisions and evaluates their long-term viability. It is shown that the …

addressed in a reform that transforms an unfunded defined contribution (NDB) scheme into a notional (or non-financial) defined … NDC reform in China. …

This paper assesses the impact of a dramatic reform of the Dutch pension system on mental health, savings behavior and … retirement expectations of workers nearing retirement age. The reform means that public sector workers born on January 1, 1950 or … reform. This effect increases as birth dates approach the threshold date. Furthermore, the effects differ in accordance with …

Recent research convincingly shows that crises beget reform. Although the consensus is that economic crises foster … macroeconomic stabilization, it is silent on which types of crises cause which types of reform. Is it economic or political crises … interdependencies between the two types of crises, feedbacks between the two types of reform, the use of alternative measures of …

moderation and working time flexibility. While at the outset of this reform sequence German had a small, but relatively …

reform failures the consequence of leviathan states that hinder private economic activity, or of weak states unable to …