using nationally representative survey data of Indian manufacturing enterprises for the period 1995-2006. In these years of … fast economic growth, subcontracting by formal enterprises gained importance, while the informal sector continued to … account for 90 per cent of total manufacturing employment. In order to contrast between a 'modernization' and a 'stagnation …

using nationally representative survey data of Indian manufacturing enterprises for the period 1995-2006. In these years of … fast economic growth, subcontracting by formal enterprises gained importance, while the informal sector continued to … account for 90 per cent of total manufacturing employment. In order to contrast between a 'modernization' and a 'stagnation …

of "jobless growth", India has experienced concentrated employment growth, mainly in urban areas and for men. This has … remains a defining feature with rising informalization in the formal sector. Some outcomes partly reflect India's overall … level of economic development. At the same time, structural transformation in other countries, including those in the region …

Many governments seek to reduce emigration from low-income countries by encouraging economic development there. A large … average emigration first rises, then falls with development. But this hypothesis has not been tested with global datasets … destinations, and +0.74 to rich destinations. This relationship between emigration flows and economic growth is highly robust to …

suggest something quite different: that over the course of a "mobility transition", emigration generally rises with economic … development until countries reach upper-middle income, and only thereafter falls. This note quantifies the shape of the mobility … transition in every decade since 1960. It then briefly surveys 45 years of research, which has yielded six classes of theory to …

suggest something quite different: that over the course of a "mobility transition", emigration generally rises with economic … development until countries reach upper-middle income, and only thereafter falls. This note quantifies the shape of the mobility … transition in every decade since 1960. It then briefly surveys 45 years of research, which has yielded six classes of theory to …

Urbanization economies - the effects on productivity and utility created endogenously by larger cities - are a … fundamental component of both the economic geography of modern societies and the perpetuation of innovation and economic growth at …. Krupka (2008) presents a general model in which exogenous variation in local productivity (natural advantage) and development …

and city population. This paper embeds a “black box” agglomeration economy within a more neoclassical general equilibrium … and wages move in the same direction under neo-classical assumptions, agglomeration economies in production, congestion in … production, or urbanization economies in consumption. On their own, none of these urban scale effects generate the observed …

Urbanization economies – the effects on productivity and utility created endogenously by larger cities – are a … fundamental component of both the economic geography of modern societies and the perpetuation of innovation and economic growth at … development constraints generate covariation in local incomes, housing prices and population. In that model, the strength of the …

key insight that emerges is that the interaction between agglomeration economies and comparative advantage involves a … comparative advantage in sectors governed by this force whilst the impact of agglomeration economies is enhanced by trade cost … small economies is not only shaped by the primitives that determine agglomeration economies and comparative advantage but …