costs influence insider wages and outsiders? opportunities and how these costs affect employment and unemployment. We also … address the more complex, and open, question of how employment and unemployment move through time, in response to labor market …

workforce. This paper provides a descriptive overview of union membership growth and economy-wide employment shares in the U …

system (hukou). The major existing theoretical models of employment and development - the Lewis model, the integrated labor … welfare function. Using both social welfare criteria, it is shown that the rural development policy is unambiguously welfare …

reform launched in Senegal in 2000 to investigate how quality improvements at the university level affect employment. Our … difference-in-difference estimates suggest that young high-skilled workers experienced a nine percentage-point employment gain …

poverty likelihood and poverty gap, an increase in the probability of employment and an increase in wages. Our results provide … results suggest that while the system change may not have met some of its critical objectives, it cannot be viewed as totally …

-student positions. It appears that low-educated workers and student workers do not compete for the limited number of positions, but …) skills. These results support the complementarity view of the coexistence of student employment and low-skilled employment …

.S. employers to estimate the effects of financial access on employment growth. Our methods combine regressions with matching on … firm age, size, industry, year, and employment history, and with instrumental variables capturing ease of access to SBA … constraints impede small business growth prior to loan receipt. We also investigate the variation in estimated employment effects …