test for cointegrating relationships corresponding to the patterns predicted by theory. We confirm episodes of expansion of …

financial institutions in the transmission of credit and technology shocks to the real economy. A positive credit shock, defined … between loan and deposit rates. The effects of the credit shock tend to be highly persistent even without price rigidities and …

trade result in an asymmetric reaction to an otherwise symmetric shock. In this context, we show that oil price shocks can …

argue that the German government handled the immediate response to the energy shock well, but subsequently waited too long … controls as an optimal policy response to an energy shock within a general equilibrium framework. We develop a simple … generate endogenous price uncertainty in the wake of an energy shock. We also link our analysis to the so-called sunspot …