and Singapore, while Hong Kong and Thailand achieve more equalized outcomes. There is no evidence that smaller classes …

effects is based on a selection-on-observables assumption, non-causality amounts to the conditional independence of outcomes … a time series setting. This leads to a generalized definition of Sims (1980) causality. A technical contribution is the … dependent data and allowing for first-step estimation of the propensity score. …

differences. Arguably, this shortcoming is rooted in the lack of an appropriate MIMIC model which considers cointegration among … variables. This paper develops a MIMIC model which estimates the cointegration equilibrium relationship and the error correction …

in a multivariate framework for three sets of sectors. We get a relationship in which employment rises with growth and …

specifications, time periods, and country samples. In addressing causality, we find, first, significant growth effects of cognitive …We investigate whether a causal interpretation of the robust association between cognitive skills and economic growth …-country distribution. Extensive sensitivity analyses of cross-country growth regressions generate remarkably stable results across …

analyzes causality from health to wealth (health causation) and from wealth to health (wealth or social causation) for elderly … recently developed strategy using Granger causality tests of Adams et al. (2003, Journal of Econometrics) with tests for … causality in dynamic panel data models incorporating unobserved heterogeneity. While Adams et al. tests reject the hypothesis of …

sides of the Atlantic - Europe and the United States. Based on the existing literature and on a statistical analysis of … religious landscape of Europe and of the United States and projections for the future; (ii) religiosity of immigrants (in Europe … religiosity and integration different in Europe and in the United States, due to historical differences in the state …

We present evidence that an increase in investment as a share of GDP predicts a higher growth rate of output per worker … coefficients. They are robust to model specifications and estimation methods. The evidence that investment has a long-run effect on … growth rates is consistent with the main implication of certain endogenous growth models, such as the AK model. …

in the inequality and growth literature. These include growth, openness, wages, and liberalisation. We review the … existing cross-country empirical evidence on the effects of inequality on growth and the extent to which the poorest in society … benefit from economic growth. The linkage between growth, redistribution and poverty is also analysed. In the review of …