MENA countries. To answer the question: whether either human capital or openness can be shown to cause productivity, we use … show a significant impact of openness on productivity growth. We find also an effect, significant at the ten per cent level …, of the level of human capital on the level of income but no effect on underlying productivity growth. Our preferred …

values of the standard Solow productivity residual. The equivalence holds if the representative household maximizes utility … where it does not properly measure technology) and makes it possible to calculate the contributions of disaggregated units …-level (EU-KLEMS) and firm-level (Amadeus) data. After adding further assumptions about technology and market structure (firms …

labor market ensures that the long-run unemployment rate is independent of the size of the capital stock, productivity, and … productivity. …

knowledge sector is bounded, as productivity increases, the economy moves from a ?Solovian zone? where wages increase with … productivity, to a ?Marxian? zone where the paradoxically decline with productivity. This is because as consumption of a given good … more unevenly distributed then productivity, technical progress always increases inequality. Redistribution from profits to …

answer the question: What is the contribution of entrepreneurs to (i) employment generation and dynamics, (ii) innovation …, and (iii) productivity and growth, relative to the contributions of the entrepreneurs' counterparts, i.e. the 'control … very important but specific function in the economy. They engender relatively much employment creation, productivity growth …

capital, and infrastructure capital; the infusion of new technology and its regional spread; and market reforms, with a major … before 1994 than after, and we attribute this to emergence of other channels of technology transfer when marketization … accelerated. We find that human capital positively affects output per worker and productivity growth. In particular, in terms of …