Fertility is a main driver and outcome of long-term growth. Yet, fertility may not only interact with the level of … income but also with its volatility. In pre-modern economies where formal social security was largely absent, fertility … transition in the United States covering the period 1870 to 1930 and explore whether variation in fertility among American …

administrative vital statistics, we find that birth control clinics accounted for 5.0–7.8% of the overall fertility decline until …

19th century in the United States. We construct new measures of fertility changes and measures of railroad access at the … county level from 1850 – 1890. We are able to document market-access-induced changes in fertility due to both extensive … margins (shifts in occupations with different average fertility rates) and intensive margins (changes in fertility within each …

Despite the recent economic growth in many countries on the African continent, the region has seen a slow fertility … transition. In this study, we explore whether the lack of structural economic change can explain this slow fertility transition … to analyze the driving forces of fertility transitions across low- and middle-income countries. Our results confirm that …

The historical pattern of the demographic transition suggests that fertility declines follow mortality declines … responses in fertility will reinforce this decline by reducing the willingness to engage in unprotected sex. We utilize recent … rounds of the Demographic and Health Surveys that link an individual woman's fertility outcomes to her HIV status based on …

In this paper, we study the effects of immigration on natives' marriage, fertility, and family formation across US …

We examine the effect of joint custody on marriage, divorce, fertility and female employment in Austria using …

We examine the effect of joint custody on marriage, divorce, fertility and female employment in Austria using …

This paper analyzes the fertility effects of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. We study the effects of violence on both the … through which conflict influences fertility. First, the type of violence exposure as measured by the death of a woman's child …-level sex ratio. Results indicate that the genocide had heterogeneous effects on fertility, depending on the type of violence …