not sufficient, the military can take action against a nondemocratic regime in order to create its own dictatorship. A … more important consequence of the presence of a strong military is that once transition to democracy takes place, the …

aggregate fluctuations on maternal and infant mortality and low birth weight, with countercyclical though not significant …

Using a new set of micro evidence from an original survey of 28 transition countries, we show that democracy increases … reformist parties in the former socialist block lies in a deepening of democracy. …

This paper analyzes the effects of macro-economic conditions throughout life on the individual mortality rate. We … estimate flexible duration models where the individual?s mortality rate depends on current conditions, conditions earlier in … health indicators. The results indicate a strong effect of macro-economic conditions during childhood on mortality at all …

on morbidity and mortality. We show that health based selection into smoking has increased over the last fifty years with … knowledge of its health effects. We show that the effect of smoking on mortality is higher for high educated individuals and for …

survey data, we assess six possible explanations for this upsurge in mortality. Most find little support in the data: the … mortality rates. The two factors that do appear to be important are alcohol consumption, especially as it relates to external …

macroeconomic conditions and fatalities. The main finding is that total mortality and deaths from several common causes increase … a 0.4 percent rise in total mortality and 0.4, 1.1, 1.8, 2.1 and 0.8 percent increases in deaths from cardiovascular …

with mortality. This paper studies the effects of income on health and mortality, using only the part of income variation … causally generates good health and that this effect is of similar magnitude as when traditional estimation techniques are used …