. In the late-nineteenth century, Australia had the highest incarceration rate of these nations. Today, the United States … has the highest rate. With the exception of Canada, incarceration rates have risen markedly since the mid-1980s. These new … series are made available in full, to allow other researchers to explore the consequences and causes of incarceration. …

increase in the Australian prison population does not seem to be due to crime rates, which have mostly declined over the past …Constructing a new series of incarceration rates from 1860 to 2018, I find that Australia now incarcerates a greater … the mid-1980s. Since 1985, the Australian incarceration rate has risen by 130 percent, and now stands at 0.22 percent of …

county jail populations, a moderate decline in the state prison population, a decrease in arrests for property and drug …We evaluate whether California's state proposition 47 impacted state violent and property crime rates. Passed by the …-level crime rates that exploit heterogeneity in the effects of the proposition on local criminal justice practices. We find little …

-specific prison incarceration rates. We find very little evidence of an effect of the large reduction in incarceration rates on … research, the results from this study support the hypothesis of a crime-prison effect that diminishes with the scale of …We evaluate the effect of perhaps the largest exogenous decline in a state's incarceration rate in U.S. history on …

Crime rates in the United States have declined to historical lows since the early 1990s. Prison and jail incarceration … assessment of whether the crime declines can be attributed to the massive expansion of the U.S. criminal justice system. We argue … that the crime is certainly lower as results of this expansion and the crime rate in the early 1990s was likely a third …

-specific prison incarceration rates. We find very little evidence of an effect of the large reduction in incarceration rates on … research, the results from this study support the hypothesis of a crime-prison effect that diminishes with the scale of …We evaluate the effect of perhaps the largest exogenous decline in a state's incarceration rate in U.S. history on …