simultaneity between police and crime. In Italy police officers can only be hired through lengthy national public contests which …This paper exploits dictated delays in local police hiring by a centralized national authority to break the … requested police officers are recruited and become operational. We show that this endogeneity vanishes once, controlling for …

police presence after a terror attack. A higher level of policing is likely to catch more people trespassing, and at the same …This paper argues that terrorism, beyond its immediate impact on innocent victims, also raises the costs of crime, and … therefore, imposes a negative externality on potential criminals. Terrorism raises the costs of crime through two channels: (i …

In this paper we study the causal impact of police on crime by looking at what happened to crime before and after the … identifies a causal impact of police on crime. Implementing an instrumental variable approach shows an elasticity of crime with … respect to police of approximately -0.3, so that a 10 percent increase in police activity reduces crime by around 3 percent. …

differentials are due to labor market discrimination or to unobserved productivity differences. The objective of this paper is to … matching, bargaining and employers' taste discrimination. In equilibrium all types of employers wage discriminate women …

This paper examines the relationship between immigration and crime in a setting where large migration flows offer an … opportunity to carefully appraise whether the populist view that immigrants cause crime is borne out by rigorous evidence. We … consider possible crime effects from two large waves of immigration that recently occurred in the UK. The first of these was …

For nearly 50 years academics have been studying how labor markets affect crime. The initial interesting and important … theoretical and empirical work generated substantial interest in studying crime among economists, in particular, and scholars in … markets reduce crime seems obvious and is widely accepted by many policy makers and academics, empirical results fail to show …

various crime rate measures and suggestive evidence of a decline in police employment, consistent with increasing compensation …Do collective bargaining rights for law enforcement result in more civilian deaths at the hands of the police? Using an … event-study design, we find that the introduction of duty to bargain requirements with police unions has led to a …

Do reductions in arrests increase crime? We study line-of-duty deaths of police officers, events that likely impact … police behavior through increased fear but are unlikely to directly impact civilian behavior. Officer deaths cause … contrast, we find no evidence of an increase in crime or a change in victim reporting through 911 calls. There is also no …

In this paper we look at links between police resources and crime in a different way to the existing economics of crime … Wales in 2002. This allocated additional resources to some police force areas to combat street crime, whereas other forces … increased police resources do in fact lead to lower crime, at least in the context of the SCI programme we study. …